Spain may want to secure the frontier in the south west because of >Native American threat: such as raids or revolts. >>Raids: native americans with spanish horses. >>Revolts: converted to Catholicism who may kill priests or settlers. >>>Pope's rebellion. >European threat: England, France, Russia, and the United States. The settlement was sort of as a fort, with a barracks, magazine, and chapel. >>Spain convinced missionaries (Franciscans and Dominicans?) to live in their settlement. (God and King), there for themselves and for the empire. >>Mission life: living like early >>>Christians...conversion, prayer, study, etc. >>Civilizing native Americans.. >>impact on native Americans: terrible mortality rate, (1710, 21 missions in CA and at their peak had 20K native Americans, but it was consistently going down due to disease.) >>>Fewer missionaries and more soldiers.. Built more military garrisons, but they aren't there to conquer..they're there to secure the frontier//missions, settlements, trade routes, etc. >>>Mixed Race: part Native American, part European..faced discrimination and hate.. On the frontier they get a pension and less discrimination, a salary.. Can retire, start a family, etc.. The frontier appealed to them because it offered opportunity and hope >>mission relations: whoring, drinking, debauched lifestyle made up of mostly young men..totally didnt agree with the model of good Christian life (missionaries)..didnt end up well. Lots of complaints. Contrast between the "best" of Christianity, and the "worst." Antebellum Era: Spanish Borderlands: California to Texas represents half of Mexico in terms of territory. However 1% of population is in Mexico. How does the United States acquire this territory? Texas Rebellion, 1835-6. •1819 Transcontinental Treaty: transfers Florida from Spain to US. In exchange, the US recognizes or renouncing any claims to now Spanish, soon-to-be Mexican, territories. Guarantees security of Spanish borderlands. •Anglo Migration, 1820s: "Help develop this frontier and assimilate which may strengthen Texas." By 1830, they greatly outnumber the Mexican population. •Centralization, 1830s: needs to centralize power..distant frontiers need to be under control by central government. "Cut off immigration." •Texas Rebellion: Anglo's now declare independence. Santa Anna takes 1200 men to try to capture the provisional government and then has to surrender. •Texas in Limbo: status in Texas is unclear. A signed treaty in DC gives Texas to US. American perspective, Jackson, is unwilling to annex Texas because the issue of slavery is too hot. There are 13 slave states and 13 free states, and annexing Texas is a really hot topic. >Mexican-American War: 1846-8. •President Polk's Policy: Congress moves to annex Texas in 1845. Polk was elected due to expansionist campaign. He tries to diplomatically take southwest territories..and when that doesn't work, he starts a war by sending Zachary Taylor between the border of Texas and Mexico and begin the dispute. He will send American forces across the border to the Rio Grande. •The war: lasts two years, a lot of skirmishes..the war ends because Winfield Scott reproduces the invasion from Cortez to Mexico City and stays there for a year. He waits for Mexican authorities to sue for peace. •Explaining Victory: better organized and better equipped. More modern fighting force. Mexicans had raw troops and outdated arms. There aren't a lot of people in these towns, so Americans could march through. American commanders into the field gather the locals and read promises to the inhabitants. "You can become an American citizen and guarantee your civil liberties and your property, and your religion." Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo: Finally ends the war in 1848. Access to American citizenship. Civil liberties are respected. Land is still yours. (They aren't conquered people so the transition went relatively smooth.) >Mexicans in the US "It would seem the white race alone received the divine command, to subdue and replenish the Earth!" -Senator Benton, 1846 Thought of incorporating mixed races as equals are problematic which may be the reason we didnt acquire all of Mexico. Racism cuts against what may have been a much much larger conquest. These attitudes didnt really please new citizens. >The California gold rush, 1849 Large influx of Americans and Anglos and they kind of squeeze the Mexicans out. Lynching and shootings are common. First "legal" hanging was a guy from Mexico and was mugged by someone, and he feared for his life and shot the guy..however you can defend yourself, but he was charged with murder and executed. "I have been charged with killing an assassin." >Hispanic Legacy: Cowboys are from Mexico: •Western saddle is a Mexican variant, it's designed to help bring cattle on long trips. •boots long sole, high heel, designed to keep foot in stirrup. Stay Frosty, -CJS
Are you like using the same textbook as me? Because your notes are consistently the same thing as what im learning.
Eddie, I take these notes on my phone, and believe it or not, I don't think EVERY girl wants an idiot for a boyfriend.
I like the notes I covered similar material in one of my History classes last year. The Spaniards used so many tactics to civilize Native Americans such as military barracks around regions, marriages, and religion. • The barracks were built with the purpose to keep the Natives in check, as well as hold off any possible revolt (inside region or from outside attacks). The barracks are similar to having a police station next to your house. You are much less likely to act out. Marriages were another way of converting a Native American or Indians to Christianity, through partnership. Once married, Native Americans and Indians were likely to adopt the husband's beliefs (Spaniard). This was a two for one discount. The Spaniards converted people who were once their opposition, and now their opposition was having their children, adopting their culture, and learning the Spanish language. Look into raids too. Often times Indians would raid Spaniard camps, and try to kidnap women. It technically went back and forth both ways. These Raids of women would turn into future marriages (Ex. Native Americans stealing from the Spanish, and marrying the women meant that their future children would be an Indian. I'm surprised there is no movie on this, as it would be a women's dilemma, such as Days of Our Lives. Religion, religion, and more religion. That was the key behind converting forces. It makes you think how badass those friars and priests were for going into potential enemy territory, and attempting to convert people (who often didn't speak the same language). Some of the promises the priests gave to natives and Indians were ridiculous though. I'm sure you will read or come across some of those. Many people don't know that Polk actually had wanted to use the Mexican American War as a negation tactic with Mexico. Many scholars have argued that Polk drafted the declaration before the U.S. even went to war with Mexico. The War was an opportunity to show Mexico who had the upper-hand in military and with equipment. The U.S. also wanted Mexico to recognize Texas as an American territory (like get off this land because it's worth $$$). The war tactic used by Polk is similar to taunting your little bro/sis and trying to get them to hit you back, so you can beat on them and show who the boss should be. Strange philosophy, although it did work Hope this was an extra boost of help and maybe useful to another.
One of the reasons for why they wanted the Mexican War to occur was to gain access to water harbors. They claimed it was to spread freedom and rid Mexicans if tyranny, but the main reasons were for economic gain.